Cross-lingual Transfer or Machine Translation? On Data Augmentation for Monolingual Semantic Textual Similarity

Sho Hoshino, Akihiko Kato, Soichiro Murakami, Peinan Zhang


Abstract
Learning better sentence embeddings leads to improved performance for natural language understanding tasks including semantic textual similarity (STS) and natural language inference (NLI). As prior studies leverage large-scale labeled NLI datasets for fine-tuning masked language models to yield sentence embeddings, task performance for languages other than English is often left behind. In this study, we directly compared two data augmentation techniques as potential solutions for monolingual STS: - (a): _cross-lingual transfer_ that exploits English resources alone as training data to yield non-English sentence embeddings as zero-shot inference, and - (b) _machine translation_ that coverts English data into pseudo non-English training data in advance. In our experiments on monolingual STS in Japanese and Korean, we find that the two data techniques yield performance on par. In addition, we find a superiority of Wikipedia domain over NLI domain as unlabeled training data for these languages. Combining our findings, we further demonstrate that the cross-lingual transfer of Wikipedia data exhibits improved performance.
Anthology ID:
2024.lrec-main.371
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)
Month:
May
Year:
2024
Address:
Torino, Italia
Editors:
Nicoletta Calzolari, Min-Yen Kan, Veronique Hoste, Alessandro Lenci, Sakriani Sakti, Nianwen Xue
Venues:
LREC | COLING
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA and ICCL
Note:
Pages:
4164–4173
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.371
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Sho Hoshino, Akihiko Kato, Soichiro Murakami, and Peinan Zhang. 2024. Cross-lingual Transfer or Machine Translation? On Data Augmentation for Monolingual Semantic Textual Similarity. In Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), pages 4164–4173, Torino, Italia. ELRA and ICCL.
Cite (Informal):
Cross-lingual Transfer or Machine Translation? On Data Augmentation for Monolingual Semantic Textual Similarity (Hoshino et al., LREC-COLING 2024)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.371.pdf